{"id":1143820,"date":"2025-11-19T15:58:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T14:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fluxpress.net\/opinion\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-20-%d9%81%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%b1-2011-%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%b2%d8%af-2025-%d8%ab\/"},"modified":"2025-11-19T15:58:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T14:58:00","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-20-%d9%81%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%b1-2011-%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%b2%d8%af-2025-%d8%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fluxpress.net\/opinion\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-20-%d9%81%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%b1-2011-%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%b2%d8%af-2025-%d8%ab\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 20 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 (2011) \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0644 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<\/video><\/p>\n<p><strong>1-\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645: \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0629!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 (23 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1965).<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u061b<br \/> 2. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a 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le chaos qui vient vient : \u00c9lites, contre-\u00e9lites, et la voie de la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration politique, Paris, le cherche-Midi.2024,448pages.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0646\u062e\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u201d 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(\u0645.\u0646).<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u00ab\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u00bb \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u00bb \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u00bb (\u0645.\u0646).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u201d \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u00bb(\u0645.\u0646).<\/p>\n<p><strong>9- \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0644Z \u00ab\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u00bb. (9-10-2025\u0645):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u201c\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c 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\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u201c\u060c\u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u201c\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<br \/> \u2013 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<br \/> \u2013 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629\u061b<br \/> \u2013 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 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(212)\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<br \/> 2. \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647<br \/> 3. \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003\u060c<br \/> \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0650\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u00ab\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>\u200c\u0623- \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u201d \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u201d \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0623\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u200c\u0628- \u0641\u064a \u201c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u201d (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a: 2021\u060c 99\u00a0 133)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\/ \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<br \/> \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<br \/> \u2013 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<br \/> \u2013 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u201c\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631\u201d \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<br \/> \u2013 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629.<br \/> \u2013 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 -\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0650\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 23 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1965 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0644 Z (2025).<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1962 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2011 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>11-\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (10 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025):<\/strong><br \/> <strong>\u2013 \u0646\u0633\u0642 (paradigme) \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 ((un horizon d\u2019attente \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646. 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\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628. (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 170 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 2011).<br \/> \u062c- \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u064a\u0644 Z (212) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0646\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629!<\/p>\n<p><strong>12-\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631: \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629 1-\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645: \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0629! \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 (23 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1965). \u062d\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a: 1. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u061b 2. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b 3. \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 20 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631. 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