{"id":1150428,"date":"2025-11-24T20:38:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-24T19:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fluxpress.net\/opinion\/%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%89-%d9%8a%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2025-11-24T20:38:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T19:38:00","slug":"%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%89-%d9%8a%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fluxpress.net\/?p=1150428","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a:  \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n<li>[1]Mekki Zouaoui\u00a0; L\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur depuis l\u2019Ind\u00e9pendance. La d\u00e9gradation de la qualit\u00e9 \u00e9tait-elle in\u00e9luctable ? Cinquante ans de d\u00e9veloppement humain au Maroc \u2013 2006.<\/li>\n<li>[1] L\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur en chiffre 2022-2023 minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur de la Recherche Scientifique et de l\u2019Innovation.<\/li>\n<li>[1] Laroui, Deux syst\u00e8mes, r\u00e9forme universitaire et r\u00e9volution culturelle, in Prologues, n\u00b035, 2006<\/li>\n<li>[1] Les Raisons du D\u00e9clin du Monde Musulman, Ahmed Benhabbour, 2021, \u00e9dition les \u00e9ditions du Net<\/li>\n<li>[1]https:\/\/www.lesclesdumoyenorient.com\/La-fitna-andalouse-1009-1031-disparition-du-califat-de-Cordoue-et-naissance-des.html<\/li>\n<li>[1] Mekki Zouaoui\u00a0; L\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur depuis l\u2019Ind\u00e9pendance. La d\u00e9gradation de la qualit\u00e9 \u00e9tait-elle in\u00e9luctable ? Cinquante ans de d\u00e9veloppement humain au Maroc \u2013 2006.<\/li>\n<li>[1] Pierre Vermerin, Ecole, \u00e9lite et pouvoir, Aliz\u00e9s, 2002.<\/li>\n<li>[1] 50 de d\u00e9veloppement humain et perspectives 2025<\/li>\n<li>[1] Le 18 brumaire de L. Bonaparte. K. Marx. 1852.<\/li>\n<li>[1] Education au Maroc, S. Tawil, S. Cerbelle, A. Alma\u00a0; UNESCO, Bureau multi pays pour le Maghreb, 2010<\/li>\n<li>[1] Trow M., Problems in transition from elite to mass higher education. Berkley, Californie1973<\/li>\n<li>[1] L\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur en chiffre 2022-2023 minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur de la Recherche Scientifique et de l\u2019Innovation.<\/li>\n<li>[1] Ghouati L\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur au Maroc: de l\u2019autonomie \u00e0 la d\u00e9pendance?<\/li>\n<li>[1] Bougroum, A. Ibourk, Le ch\u00f4mage des dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s au Maroc, FORMATION EMPLOI, N\u00b0 79, 2002.<\/li>\n<li>[1] Renaut, A., que faire des Universit\u00e9s, Paris, Bayard, 2002<\/li>\n<li>[1] Attali, Jacques, Pour un mod\u00e8le europ\u00e9en d\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur<\/li>\n<li>[1] Philippe Aghion et \u00c9lie Cohen \u00c9ducation et croissance, Documentation Fran\u00e7aise 2004<\/li>\n<li>[1] Universit\u00e9 et grandes \u00e9coles\u00a0; probl\u00e8mes politiques et sociaux N\u00b0 936. La documentation Fran\u00e7aise, dossier r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par Jean-Richard Cytermann\u00a0; mai 2007<\/li>\n<li>[1] \u00ab\u00a0Le non-sens p\u00e9dagogique des classes pr\u00e9paratoires aux \u00e9coles dites \u2018grandes\u2019\u00a0\u00bb, J.F. Minot et B. Frouin<\/li>\n<li>[1] Bourdieu, la reproduction<\/li>\n<li>[1] Charte nationale de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et de la formation, COSEF, octobre 1999.<\/li>\n<li>[1] Apr\u00e8s les r\u00e9volutions, les privatisations\u2026, Akram Belkaid, Le monde diplomatique, octobre 2011<\/li>\n<li>[1] Les plans n\u00e9olib\u00e9raux d\u2019Ennahda inqui\u00e8tent les Tunisiens, Jake Lippincott, IPS<\/li>\n<li>[1] Noha El Shoky,: \u2018\u2018Le peuple \u00e9gyptien subit la m\u00eame politique n\u00e9olib\u00e9rale que celle men\u00e9e par Moubarak\u2019\u2019<\/li>\n<li>[1] N\u00e9olib\u00e9ralisme et cons\u00e9quences\u00a0: quand le capitalisme colonise l\u2019Islam, Achour, Islam en France, 2012<\/li>\n<li>[1] Les architectes exigent une refonte globale de la loi, Nabila Fathi, 5 juin 2013, M\u00e9dia 24<\/li>\n<li>[1] R\u00e9forme de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur. Perspectives strat\u00e9giques. Rapport N\u00b05\/2019. Juin 2019. CSEFRS<\/li>\n<li>[1] La Noblesse d\u2019Etat Grandes \u00e9coles et esprit de corps Pierre Bourdieu 1989<\/li>\n<li>[1] Vous avez dit mati\u00e8re grise, Claude All\u00e8gre 2006<\/li>\n<li>[1] Les d\u00e9fis de la d\u00e9perdition \u00e9tudiante dans les universit\u00e9s marocaines. Zoulal Mansouri &#038; Nabila Bennaghmouch. L\u2019Harmattan 2024.<\/li>\n<li>[1] Boumezrag\u00a0; \u2018\u2018La politique scolaire du Maroc \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du dualisme culturel de 1956 \u00e0 1981\u2019\u2019 doctorat de 3\u00e8me cycle, Universit\u00e9 Lumi\u00e8re Lyon 2, 1983.<\/li>\n<li>[1] \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647. \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f13 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2003<\/li>\n<p><strong>(<\/strong><strong>X<\/strong><strong>) \u2013 <\/strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/al3omk.com\/1119216.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a:  \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u061f\">\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a 1- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645: \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[589],"tags":[116687,116691,112471,34596,29376],"class_list":["post-1150428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-opinion","tag-116687","tag-116691","tag-apres","tag-france","tag-maroc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - 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