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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u2026\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0645. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] \u00a0\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 70% \u064880% \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 95%.<\/p>\n<p>[2] \u00a0https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/decouvriretapprendre\/famille\/mefaits-et-reprobation-de-l-usure\/interdiction-de-l-usure-dans-la-bible<\/p>\n<p>[3] \u00a0The Origins of Value: The Financial Innovations that Created Modern Capital Markets,\u00a0chap.\u00a01:\u00a0The invention of interest, Marc van de Mieroop.<\/p>\n<p>[4] \u00a0Paul Mass\u00e9,\u00a0Histoire \u00e9conomique et sociale du monde, Harmattan,\u00a02011,\u00a0p.\u00a0181.<\/p>\n<p>[5] \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: Tommaso d\u2019Aquino) \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643\u064a Doctor Angelicus\u060c<\/p>\n<p>[6] \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>[7] https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-finance-et-bien-commun-2005-1-page-85.htm<\/p>\n<p>[8] https:\/\/hls-dhs-dss.ch\/fr\/articles\/013923\/2015-02-03\/<\/p>\n<p>[9] \u00a0Int\u00e9r\u00eats. \u2026https:\/\/hls-dhs-dss.ch\/fr\/articles\/013923\/2015-02-03\/<\/p>\n<p>[10] \u00a0\u00c9lisabeth Jolivet-Roche, \u00ab L\u2019usurier et le banquier : discours et repr\u00e9sentations autour de la loi de 1807 \u00bb, sur cairn.info, 2015<\/p>\n<p>[11] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a (3\/74) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (274) \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (3\/85).<\/p>\n<p>[12] https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/id\/LEGISCTA000006179138\/2006-03-24<\/p>\n<p>[13] \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a: \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 (1400- 1980)\u060c \u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u0627\u064a 1965)\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629 (\u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 1985)\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 (\u0631\u062c\u0628 1406\/1986)\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a (1983)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n<p>[14] \u00a0https:\/\/www.almasryalyoum.com\/news\/details\/2119765 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>[15] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 (islamweb.net)<\/p>\n<p>[16] \u00a0\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 173 (ksu.edu.sa)\u060c https:\/\/quran.ksu.edu.sa\/tafseer\/katheer\/sura2-aya173.html<\/p>\n<p>[17] \u00a0https:\/\/islamweb.net\/ar\/fatwa\/127340<\/p>\n<p>[18] \u00a0\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0623\u0637\u0627\u0643\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u201d \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0646\u06381.15\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.. \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621\u201d\u00a0\u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630\u00a057% \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 34% \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>[19]<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061f\u060c https:\/\/www.independentarabia.com\/node\/192706<\/p>\n<p>[20] \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u2013 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c https:\/\/ar.islamway.net\/fatwa\/41083<\/p>\n<p>[21] \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a :\u00a0\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b :\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 :\u00a0\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b :\u00a0\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c :\u00a0\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>[22] \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647\u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0646\u00a0\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u00a0\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u062d \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/fluxpress.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1707899972_156_\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062c-\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c-\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621-\u0637\u0646\u062c\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637-\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646.jpg\" class=\"lazyload\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fluxpress.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1707899972_156_\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062c-\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c-\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621-\u0637\u0646\u062c\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637-\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\"><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chamaly.ma\/2024\/03\/25\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82-%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A-%D9%88\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u201c\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u201d \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u201d\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646\u201d\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 1445\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u201c\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u201d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 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